The State Department's Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) is is responsible for civil enforcement of Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR).
ITAR violations may result in civil and/or criminal penalties, which can include both fines and debarment (legal exclusion from transactions subject to the ITAR). ITAR violations can have other consequences as well, including the denial/revocation of licenses and other export authorizations, compliance oversight, and the loss of business opportunities.
Alleged civil violations of the ITAR are often resolved through a consent agreement between the alleged violator and the Department. Consent agreements often include a monitoring component, remedial steps, and a monetary penalty, and can run for several years.
Entities and individuals prohibited from participating directly or indirectly in the export of defense articles, including technical data and defense services that have violated the AECA in an administrative proceeding are subject to “administrative debarment.”